Report on the advances in sound measurement methods. MINKE Deliverable D9.9. Version 1.0.

Abstract

This report (MINKE D9.9) explores the current challenges and advances in underwater sound measurement for environmental monitoring. It highlights the importance of accurate sound level measurements in marine environments and the gaps in standardisation, sensor calibration, and traceability. The deliverable focuses on the development of protocols for laboratory and field calibration of hydrophones, identification of key uncertainty sources, and alignment with international standards (IEC, ISO). It reviews emerging best practices for broadband and low-frequency measurements, including those for autonomous platforms. The report includes recommendations to improve sensor characterisation, signal processing, and metadata documentation, contributing to better quality assurance in underwater noise monitoring.